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We perform the covariant operator quantization of the spin-$1$ model in $2+1$spacetime dimensions to rigorously establish its dualities. For this purpose,the Kugo-Ojima-Nakanishi formalism, based on an indefinite metric Hilbert spacein the Heisenberg picture, is used. We show that it is possible to extract amassive physical excitation constructed from a linear combination of the vectorfield $A_{\mu}$ and the $B$-field. In turn, we also show that this excitationgenerates the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. This is achieved by exploring thetwo-point function of the vector field.

Duality and Self-duality of the Spin-1 Model in the Covariant Operator Formalism