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Muon beam monitoring is indispensable for indirectly monitoringaccelerator-produced neutrino beams in real time. Though Si photodiodes andionization chambers have been successfully used as muon monitors at the T2Kexperiment, sensors that are more radiation tolerant are desired for futureoperation. We have investigated the electron-multiplier tube (EMT) as a newsensor for muon monitoring. Secondary electrons produced by the passage ofmuons at dynodes are multiplied in the tube and produce signal. Two prototypedetectors were installed at the T2K muon monitor location, and various EMTproperties were studied based on in situ data taken with the T2K muon beam. Thesignal size is as expected based on calculation, and the EMTs show asufficiently fast time response for bunch-by-bunch beam monitoring. Thespill-by-spill intensity resolution is 0.4%, better than the required value(1%). Signal linearity within $\pm$1% is achieved at proton beam powers up to460 kW (with +250 kA focusing horn operation). A gradual signal decrease wasobserved during the initial exposure, due to the stabilization of dynodematerials, before the response became stable within $\pm$1%. This workdemonstrates that EMTs are a good candidate for future muon monitoring at T2K,and may also have other more general applications.

A new electron-multiplier-tube-based beam monitor for muon monitoring at the T2K experiment