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Topological and kinematical characteristics of hadron interactions have beenstudied using a lead-emulsion target exposed to 2, 4 and 10 GeV/c hadron beams.A total length of 60 m $\pi^-$ tracks was followed using a high speed automatedemulsion scanning system. A total of 318 hadron interaction vertices and theirsecondary charged particle tracks were reconstructed. Measurement results ofinteraction lengths, charged particle multiplicity, emission angles and momentaof secondary charged particles are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation andappear to be consistent. Nuclear fragments emitted from interaction verticeswere also detected by a newly developed emulsion scanning system withwide-angle acceptance. Their emission angle distributions are in good agreementwith the simulated distributions. Probabilities of an event being associatedwith at least one fragment track are found to be greater than 50% for beammomentum $P > 4$ GeV/c and are well reproduced by the simulation. Theseexperimental results validate estimation of the background due to hadroninteractions in the sample of $\tau$ decay candidates in the OPERA $\nu_{\mu}\to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillation experiment.

Study of hadron interactions in a lead-emulsion target