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A quantum mechanical wave of a finite size moves like a classical particleand shows a unique decay probability. Because the wave function evolvesaccording to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, it preserves the total energy butnot the kinetic energy in the intermediate-time region of a decay process wherethose of the parent and daughters overlap. The decay rate computed with Fermi'sgolden rule requires corrections that vary with the distance between theinitial and final states, and the energy distribution of the daughter isdistorted from that of plane waves. The corrections have universal propertiesin relativistically invariant systems and reveal macroscopic quantum phenomenafor light particles. The implications for precision experiments in beta decaysand various radiative transitions are presented.

Finite-size corrections to Fermi's golden rule: I. Decay rates