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We used molecular modeling to study the optimal conformation of the complex between two p53 DNA-binding domain monomers and a 12 base-pair target DNA sequence. The complex was constructed using experimental data on the monomer binding conformation and a new approach to deform the target DNA sequence. Combined with an internal/helicoidal coordinate model of DNA, this approach enables us to bend the target sequence in a controlled way while respecting the contacts formed with each p53 monomer. The results show that the dimeric complex favors DNA bending towards the major groove at the dimer junction by a value close to experimental findings. In contrast to inferences from earlier models, the calculation of key contributions to the free energy of the complexes indicates a determinant role for DNA in the formation of the complex with the dimer of the p53 DNA-binding domains.

Modeling multi-component protein–DNA complexes: the role of bending and dimerization in the complex of p53 dimers with DNA