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Production of diapausing eggs in many zooplankton species occurs after partial switching from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction. Storage effect theory predicts the stable long-term coexistence of competitors investing in diapausing stages, but it does not address the effect of such investment on short-term coexistence. The freshwater rotifer  Brachionus calyciflorus  and the cladoceran  Moina micrura  were used in this study to test experimentally if diapause could promote coexistence of active individuals under inter-specific competition. Our results show that  B. calyciflorus  was more affected by inter-specific competition and exhibited a greater and earlier production of resting eggs compared with  M. micrura . Costs of diapause investment in  Moina  were only observed in competition. This was translated into reduced probability of  B. calyciflorus  of being outcompeted by  M. micrura . We show that investment in diapause might promote local and short-term coexistence of competing zooplankton species. Our study strongly suggests that the ecological effects of diapause encompass a wider range of temporal scales, from weekly to decadal, and levels of organization, from individuals to communities, than previously thought.

Diapause may promote coexistence of zooplankton competitors