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From the German Bight along Jutland to the western Skagerrak, we found representatives\udof almost all groups of phycotoxins known to occur in North Sea plankton.\udIdentification was by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry\ud(LC-MS/MS) in plankton size fractions, with domoic acid and 20-me G the most\udabundant toxins. The dominance of 20-me G in the spirolide (SPX) composition of\udplankton from the Jutland current system matched very well with that of an isolate of\udthe dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. The SPXs of the A. ostenfeldii strain\udS6_P12_E11, previously isolated from the western North Sea along the Scottish\udcoast, comprised 100% 20-me G, suggesting toxin homogeneity among North Sea\udpopulations of this species. We detected highest amounts of azaspiracid-1 in the\ud3–20-mm size fraction at offshore stations, where the Jutland coastal current converges\udwith the westward North Sea flow off Skagerrak. Azadinium spinosum was subsequently\udidentified by clonal isolation from crude cultures established from these stations.\udExcept for lipophilic toxins usually produced by the dinoflagellate Dinophysis spp.,\uddinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) and DTX-2, we detected no other phycotoxins in plankton\udfrom the southern German Bight. The spatial distribution of the phycotoxins in\udthe eastern North Sea was apparently related to the hydrographical conditions, identified\udfrom salinity and coloured dissolved organic matter profiles. The biogeographical\uddistribution of phycotoxins indicates a strong association with the northward advection\udby the Jutland current and the mixing of German Bight and North water masses\udalong the northwest Danish coast towards the Skagerrak

Phycotoxin composition and distribution in plankton fractions from the German Bight and western Danish coast