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The scyphozoan  Pelagia noctiluca  reproduces by direct development without a benthic stage. Typically, this jellyfish is found offshore with a holoplanktonic lifecycle, vertical migration and feeding behaviours. Frequent outbreaks have been well documented on the Mediterranean shores since the 19th century; however, the offshore distribution of this species remains mostly unknown. In this study, we performed a bimonthly monitoring of  P. noctiluca  surface density, at high resolution, from a sailboat, along a 35-km coastal to offshore transect in the Ligurian Sea, between February and October 2011. During daylight,  P. noctiluca  was rarely seen. At night, offshore,  P. noctiluca  was always present, while within 5 km of the coast,  P. noctiluca  was rarely observed.  Pelagia noctiluca  aggregations were most abundant within the Northern Current of the Ligurian Sea. Our findings suggest that  P. noctiluca  outbreaks observed on Mediterranean shores may result from the transport of the permanent offshore population inshore by specific hydrodynamic conditions.

Distribution of Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea)