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In a laboratory study, we determined the influence of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin producer  Alexandrium catenella , which can form toxic blooms in the Thau lagoon (western Mediterranean Sea). The strain studied, ACT03, was grown in an artificial seawater medium. The influence of temperature and that of salinity were analysed using 48 different combinations of 6 salinities (10–40 psu) and 8 temperatures (9–30°C) under saturating irradiance (100 µmol photons m −2  s −1 ). ACT03 appeared to be an euryhaline strain that can survive at salinities as low as 10 psu and can grow at salinities up to 40 psu. This strain can grow between 15 and 30°C. The highest growth rates (&gt;0.4 day −1 ) were observed between 35 and 40 psu and 15 and 27°C. The influence of irradiance on growth and cell pigment content was tested between 10 and 260 µmol photons m −2  s −1  at 20°C and 38 psu. The results revealed both a low compensation irradiance and that light saturation was reached at 90 µmol photons m −2  s −1 . Temperature had the greatest influence on growth. The ecophysiological characteristics reported here are consistent with the environmental conditions encountered in the Thau lagoon.  A. catenella  exhibited important adaptive capacities over the large range of tested physical factors. This flexibility helps us to explain its ability to bloom seasonally on the Mediterranean coast, where the physico-chemical environmental conditions are characterized by high seasonal variations.

journal of plankton research

Influence of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth and cell yield of the harmful red tide dinoflagellate  Alexandrium catenella  colonizing Mediterranean waters