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Resource competition is a main driving force for the abundance and distribution of species. Exploitative competition is an indirect interaction between consumers by the exploitation of a shared resource (Lynch, 1978; Smith and Cooper, 1982; Rothhaupt, 1990) and is an important factor in structuring zooplankton communities (DeMott, 1989). In many water bodies, rotifers compete with crustaceans, especially with efficient filterfeeders such as large Daphnia (Vanni, 1986; Gilbert, 1988). Exploitative competition between rotifers is particularly expected when cladocerans are absent. This is the case, for example, in acidic mining lakes where the pH is too low for cladocerans. In lakes of the mining district of Lusatia, Germany, with pH ,3, rotifers are the only planktonic metazoa, typically Elosa worallii and Cephalodella sp. (Deneke, 2000; Wollmann et al., 2000). Many of these lakes also contain very few species of primary producers, often only two species: Chlamydomonas acidophila and Ochromonas sp. Both flagellates are mixotrophic, a nutritional strategy in protists that is of growing interest (Spijkerman, 2007; Flynn and Mitra, 2009; Spijkerman, in press). They combine photosynthesis and the uptake of organic carbon as pathways for carbon acquisition. Laboratory experiments revealed that only C. acidophila is a suitable food source for the dominating rotifer species E. worallii and Cephalodella sp. (Weithoff, 2004; Weithoff, 2005). In Lake 111 (Lusatia, Germany), C. acidophila regularly builds up a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) at a water depth at which the light availability is reduced to ,1% of surface irradiation (Tittel et al., 2003; Kamjunke et al., 2004). Therefore, the mode of carbon acquisition shifts from autotrophy through photosynthesis in the upper water layers to heterotrophy through the uptake of dissolved organic carbon in the deeper water layers. The mode of carbon acquisition in turn has a strong effect on the biochemical composition of the flagellates, especially on the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (Poerschmann et al., 2004; Wacker and Weithoff, 2009). Recently, Weithoff and Wacker (Weithoff and Wacker,

Changes in the competitive abilities of two rotifers feeding on mixotrophic flagellates