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Understanding carbon fluxes in shelf systems is an important aspect of quantifying global carbon budgets. Three years of  p CO 2  observations are analysed from spring to autumn during 2005, 2007 and 2008 at L4, a seasonally stratified station in the Western English Channel. A general trend from low to high seawater  p CO 2  during each year was observed, punctuated by episodic low seawater  p CO 2  events. Air–sea CO 2  flux dynamics derived from seawater  p CO 2  showed spring and summer to be times of atmospheric CO 2  drawdown during stratified water conditions while autumn saw the breakdown of stratification and CO 2  outgassing. The largest CO 2  instantaneous drawdown was observed during high wind events. Seawater  p CO 2  at L4 is controlled by metabolic processes, solubility and advection processes, although to a varying extent between years. While tidal influence, movement of water masses and rapid phytoplankton blooms contribute to large  p CO 2  fluctuations between adjacent samples, distinct quasi-seasonal phases are observed due to the natural physical and biological cyclic controls on seawater  p CO 2 .

Biological control of p CO 2 at station L4 in the Western English Channel over 3 years