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The diversity within the genus  Aphanizomenon  (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) is still controversial and more studies are needed to clarify its heterogeneity.  Aphanizomenon  strains isolated from the eutrophic shallow Vela Lake (Centralwestern Portugal) during bloom formation in summer months from 2001 to 2007 were characterized combining phenotypic and molecular approaches. The molecular affiliation of the strains was established through sequencing of the 16S rDNA, as well as  nifH  and  hetR  genes fragments, and inter-specific genetic variability was checked through repetitive sequences fingerprinting. The morphological characters were characteristic of the descriptions of  Aph. issatschenkoi  ( Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi ),  Aphanizomenon gracile  and  Aph. aphanizomenoides . Molecular phylogenetic results corroborated the morphological identification and fingerprinting showed a persistent occurrence of  Aph. gracile  and  Aph. aphanizomenoides  strains over the years but also indicated that  Aph. aphanizomenoides  strains are not clonal within a same bloom. Partial  nifH  and  hetR  gene sequences of the cyanobacterial strains showed a high phylogenetic differentiation capacity, even at the strain level.

Molecular characterization of bloom-forming Aphanizomenon strains isolated from Vela Lake (Western Central Portugal)