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Time series of phytoplankton biomass and taxonomic composition have been obtained for the 3 years 1992, 1993 and 1994 in the northern part of the Southern Ocean (station Kerfix, 50°40'S, 68°25;E) Autotrophic biomass was low throughout the year (&lt;0.2 mg m −3  except during a short period in summer when a maximum of 1.2 mg chlorophyll (Chl) a m− was reached. During winter, the integrated biomass was low (&lt;10 mg m −2 ) and associated with deeply mixed water, whereas the high summer biomass (&gt;20 mg m −2 ) was associated with increased water column stability. During summer blooms, the &gt;10 μ;m size fraction contributed 60% to total integrated biomass. Large autotrophic dinoflagellates, mainly Prorocentrum spp., were associated with the summer phyto plankton maxima and accounted for &gt;80% of the total autotroph carbon biomass. In November and December, the presence of the large heterotrophic dinoflagellates  Protoperidinium spp . and Gyro dinium spp. contributed a high proportion of total carbon biomass. During winter, the &lt;10 μm size fraction contributed 80% of total Chi a biomass with domination of the picoplankton size fraction. The natural assemblage included mainly naked flagellates such as species of the Prasinophyceae, Cryptophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae. During spring, picocyanobacteria occurred in sub-surface water with a maximum abundance in September of 106 cells 1 −1

journal of plankton research

Seasonal and interannual variability of size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and community structure at station Kerfix, off the Kerguelen Islands, Antarctica