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The coastal distribution and abundance of  Carcinus maenas  larval stages were studied from plankton samples collected in a grid of 79 sampling station organized into six cross-shore transects extending from the coast to −170 km offshore, between the Mondego and Ave rivers, on the northwest coast of Portugal. The samples were collected in April 1991 with a modified Bé multinet plankton sampler, which was towed from a maximum depth of 200 m and provided a vertical resolution of up to five standard strata at each station. Current and wind data were available for a period that extended beyond the period covered by the observations All the species' larval stages were found in the samples, but their distribution was confined to the inner and middle shelf stations Vertically, 88% of the larvae occurred in the top 30 m and another 11% in the 30–60 m stratum. The zonal stages I and II were concentrated (−90%) in the surface layer, but a gradual ontogenic displacement to deeper waters was observed from then on, the megalopa being equally distributed between the 0–30 and the 30–60 m strata. Horizontally, there was a dear association of the first zoea with the estuarine inlet while the older meal stages were dispersed progressively offshore. Evidence was found that the megalopa experienced an onshore transport that did not  affect  the previous stages.This transport is wnsistent with the observation of an onshore flow component at 40 m. It was not possible, however, to examine the hypothesis that this flow conveys the last larval stage to the coast, but not the previous ones. The dependence of the along-shore flow component on wind stress lends support to the hypothesis that the larvae are advected from the north as the upwelling season progresses.

Distribution and drift of the crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Decapoda, Portunidae) larvae over the continental shelf off northern Portugal in April 1991