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Marginal reversals—a common feature of many basic differentiated igneous bodies regardless of their size and bulk composition—are remarkable in being a mirror of the Layered Series. These are distinguished by: (1) an apparent lack of mass balance between the lower part of the marginal reversals, including chilled margins, and the bulk composition of the intrusions; (2) mineral crystallization sequences and (3) mineral compositional trends, which are both essentially the opposite of those in the Layered Series; (4) the cotectic composition of rocks composing the marginal reversals; (5) the capacity to form from both phenocryst-rich and phenocryst-free parental magmas; (6) the capability to develop along the floor, subvertical walls and even the roof of magma chambers. None of the current models of magma chamber evolution can provide an adequate explanation for the characteristic features of the marginal reversals. The problem can be resolved in the context of a model combining Soret diffusion in thin liquid boundary layers at the magma chamber margins and vigorous convection in the main magma body. The key proposal is that the formation of marginal reversals takes place through the non-equilibrium evolution of liquid boundary layers as a result of a temperature gradient imposed by the cold country rock. The fundamental explanation for the mirror image of a marginal reversal is that the non-equilibrium Soret fractionation works in a manner opposite to that of the equilibrium crystal–liquid fractionation that produces the Layered Series.

The Origin of Marginal Compositional Reversals in Basic–Ultrabasic Sills and Layered Intrusions by Soret Fractionation