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We report the results of detailed investigation of the Earth's transmissionspectra during the lunar eclipse on UT 2011 December 10. The spectra were takenby using the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) mounted on the Subaru 8.2 mtelescope with unprecedented resolutions both in time and wavelength (300 sexposure time in umbra and 160,000 spectral resolution, respectively). In ourpenumbra and umbra data, we detected the individual absorption lines of O2 andH2O in transmission spectra and found that it became deeper as the eclipsebecame deeper. It indicates that the sunlight reaching the Moon passed throughlower layers in the Earth's atmosphere with time because we monitored a givenpoint on the Moon during the full eclipse duration. From the comparison betweenthe observed and theoretically constructed transmission spectra, the lowestaltitude at which the sunlight actually passed through the atmosphere isestimated to be about 10 km from the ground, which suggests the existence ofsunlight blocking clouds below that altitude. Our result would be a test casefor future investigations of atmospheric structure of Earth-like exoplanets viatransmission spectroscopy including the refraction effect of the planetaryatmosphere.

Lowest Earth's atmosphere layers probed during a lunar eclipse