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We present 1" (<100 pc) resolution maps of millimeter emission from fivemolecules-CN, HCN, HCO+, CH3OH, and HNCO-obtained towards NGC 4038, which isthe northern galaxy of the mid-stage merger, Antennae galaxies, with theAtacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Three molecules (CN, CH3OH, andHNCO) were detected for the first time in the nuclear region of NGC 4038.High-resolution mapping reveals a systematic difference in distributions ofdifferent molecular species and continuum emission. Active star forming regionsidentified by the 3 mm and 850 um continuum emission are offset from thegas-rich region associated with the HCN (1-0) and CO (3-2) peaks. The CN(1-0)/HCN (1-0) line ratios are enhanced (CN/HCN = 0.8-1.2) in the star formingregions, suggesting that the regions are photon dominated. The large moleculargas mass (10^8 Msun) within a 0.6" (~60 pc) radius of the CO (3-2) peak and ahigh dense gas fraction (>20 %) suggested by the HCN (1-0)/CO (3-2) line ratiomay signify a future burst of intense star formation there. The shocked gastraced in the CH3OH and HNCO emission indicates sub-kpc scale molecular shocks.We suggest that the molecular shocks may be driven by collisions betweeninflowing gas and the central massive molecular complex.

ALMA observations of the dense and shocked gas in the nuclear region of NGC 4038 (Antennae galaxies)