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The Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a massively-multiplexedfiber-fed optical and near-infrared 3-arm spectrograph (N_fiber=2400,380<lambda<1260nm, 1.3 degree diameter FoV), offering unique opportunities insurvey astronomy. Here we summarize the science case feasible for a survey ofSubaru 300 nights. We describe plans to constrain the nature of dark energy viaa survey of emission line galaxies spanning a comoving volume of 9.3 (Gpc/h)^3in the redshift range 0.8<z<2.4. In each of 6 redshift bins, the cosmologicaldistances will be measured to 3% precision via BAO, and redshift-spacedistortions will be used to constrain structure growth to 6% precision. In theGA program, radial velocities and chemical abundances of stars in the Milky Wayand M31 will be used to infer the past assembly histories of spiral galaxiesand the structure of their dark matter halos. Data will be secured for 10^6stars in the Galactic thick-disk, halo and tidal streams as faint as V~22,including stars with V < 20 to complement the goals of the Gaia mission. Amedium-resolution mode with R = 5000 to be implemented in the red arm willallow the measurement of multiple alpha-element abundances and more precisevelocities for Galactic stars, elucidating the detailed chemo-dynamicalstructure and evolution of each of the main stellar components of the Milky WayGalaxy and of its dwarf spheroidal galaxies. For the extragalactic program, oursimulations suggest the wide avelength range will be powerful in probing thegalaxy population and its clustering over a wide redshift range. We propose toconduct a color-selected survey of 1<z<2 galaxies and AGN over 16 deg^2 toJ~23.4, yielding a fair sample of galaxies with stellar masses above ~10^{10}Msat z~2. A two-tiered survey of higher redshift LBGs and LAEs will quantify theproperties of early systems close to the reionization epoch.

Extragalactic Science, Cosmology and Galactic Archaeology with the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS)