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In November 1983, a local television station announced that a high number of cases of leukemia had occurred among children living in Seascale, Great Britain, a village located 3 km from the Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. A committee investigation was then launched, and the following year this investigation confirmed the existence of an excess of cases of leukemia among the young people who had lived in Seascale (1). Since then, many epidemiologic studies have set out to analyze the risk of cancer near nuclear sites. They have primarily examined leukemia among the young, that is, those younger than 25 years of age, and most often have considered leukemia globally (codes 204 through 208 of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9)). Others have focused on specific types: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ICD-9 code 204.0), acute myeloid leukemia (ICD-9 code 205.0), and chronic myeloid leukemia (ICD-9 code 205.1). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterized by malignancies similar to leukemia in the lymphoid tissues, has also been studied. Today, after 13 years of accumulated results, the existence of an increased risk of leukemia among young people living near nuclear sites remains highly controversial. The aim of the present literature review is to summarize the primary results obtained from around the world. In this review we distinguish two types of epidemiologic studies that answer two different questions:

Epidemiologic Studies of Leukemia among Persons under 25 Years of Age Living Near Nuclear Sites