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The authors used 1982-1983 Illinois vital records and 1980 US Census income data to determine the contribution of maternal race to the risk of preterm (&lt; 260 days), non-low birth weight (&gt; 2,500 g) infants. This older cohort was chosen to avoid the confounding effect of cocaine associated with its increased local availability after 1985. In Chicago, the unadjusted preterm, non-low birth weight rate was 14% for African Americans (n = 43,059) compared with 9% for Mexican Americans (n = 10,397) and 7% for whites (n = 26,152) (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6-1.8; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3-2.5, respectively). In logistic models that included maternal sociodemographic and prenatal care variables, the adjusted odds ratio of preterm, non-low birth weight for. African Americans compared with Mexican Americans and whites was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.4-1.8) and 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2-1.7), respectively. The authors conclude that some factor closely linked to the African-American race, not underserved minority status per se, is a fundamental cause of preterm, non-low birth weight.

Relation of Maternal Race to the Risk of Preterm, Non-Low Birth Weight Infants: a Population Study