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Background Aside from Helicobacter pylori, another cause for the development or worsening of gastrointestinal ulcers is scrub typhus, an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. We aimed to compare the endoscopic characteristics of peptic ulcers caused by these infectious agents. Methods This retrospective case–control study involved patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Chosun University Hospital in Korea. Results In total, 141 patients with peptic ulcer were included in the study. Compared with patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection (n = 62; age, 63.8 ± 12.1 years; male sex, 42%), those with H. pylori infection (n = 79; age, 53.0 ± 14.8 years; male sex, 81%) were younger and more likely to be male (P < 0.001 for both). Patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection were more likely to have multiple lesions (40/62, 64.5% vs. 37/79, 46.8%; P = 0.042) and irregular-shaped lesions (27/62, 43.6% vs. 20/79, 25.3%;  P = 0.031). Patients with H. pylori infection had higher incidence of hemorrhagic ulcers (26/79, 32.9% vs. 8/62, 12.9%; P = 0.007), and lesions occurred most often in the duodenum (43.0%), followed by the antrum (36.7%), body (34.2%), and angle (12.7%) of the stomach. In patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection, lesions occurred most often in the antrum (70.97%) of the stomach. In both groups, gastric ulcer lesions occurred most often in the antrum, followed by the body and angle of the stomach (36.7% vs. 70.97%, 34.2% vs. 22.6%, and 12.7% vs. 14.5% for gastric ulcers associated with H. pylori and O. tsutsugamushi infection, respectively). Patients with O. tsutsugamushiinfection had significantly higher incidence of ulcers on the antrum (70.97% vs. 36.7%, P < 0.001) and the greater curvature (45.2% vs. 24.0%, P = 0.012). Finally, 35.5% of patients with gastric ulcer caused by scrub typhus also had duodenal ulcer. Conclusion This is the first study to compare endoscopic features of peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori and O. tsutsugamushi. Peptic ulcers in patients with H. pylori infection occurred predominantly in the antrum/body/lesser curvature and presented with single, round/oval lesions, while ulcers in patients with scrub typhus occurred predominantly in the antrum/greater curvature and presented with multiple, irregular lesions. Scrub typhus should be considered as a cause of duodenal ulcer in scrub typhus-endemic areas. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Endoscopic Characteristics Comparison of Helicobacter pylori and Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection