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Background  Disseminated  Mycobacterium kansasii  infection is rare in kidney transplant recipients. The diagnosis may not be suspected readily due to non-specific clinical presentation. The diagnosis and treatment can be further delayed due to poor sensitivity of culture (especially of extra-pulmonary sites) and slow growth in culture media. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of disseminated  M. kansasii  infections in transplant recipients is important for antimicrobial management.    Methods  Two cases of disseminated  M. kansasii  infections with unusual presentation in which rapid diagnosis was made using the Karius test (KT) are presented. The KT is a CLIA certified/CAP-accredited next-generation sequencing (NGS) plasma test that detects microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA). After mcfDNA is extracted and NGS performed, human reads are removed, and remaining sequences are aligned to a curated database of >1400 organisms. Organisms present above a statistical threshold are reported.    Results  Case 1: A 31-year female kidney transplant recipient presented with a thyroglossal duct cyst, as well as swelling of her right metacarpophalangeal joint and left 3rd finger. AFB culture of the thyroglossal cyst aspiration done on post admission day (PAD) 2 took 27 days to be identified as  M. kansasii  (on PAD 29) whereas plasma sent for KT on PAD 5 reported a positive test for  M. kansasii  at 284 molecules/microliter (MPM) in 4 days (on PAD 9). Case 2: A 59-year male kidney transplant recipient presented with generalized weakness, arthralgia, pericardial effusion, cytopenia, weight loss and intermittent fevers. Plasma sent for KT on PAD 12 was reported positive for  M. kansasii  at 1314 MPM in 3 days (on PAD 15). PET CT done simultaneously was consistent with an infection of an old AV graft in the left upper extremity. The AFB culture of the resected graft was confirmed as  M. kansasii  in 22 days on PAD 36. After the KT was available (before confirmation of  M. kansasii  on culture), the first patient underwent modification of empiric treatment and the second patient was started on specific treatment for  M. kansasii.   Table of  M. kansasii  casesRapid diagnosis of disseminated  M. kansasii  infection    Conclusion  Open-ended NGS plasma testing for mcfDNA identified disseminated  M kansasii  infection much earlier than standard microbiology and thus helped in initiation and modification of pathogen directed treatment.    Disclosures    All Authors : No reported disclosures

open forum infectious diseases

645. Rapid Diagnosis of Disseminated <i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i> infection in Renal Transplant Recipients Using Plasma Microbial Cell Free DNA Next Generation Sequencing

645. Rapid Diagnosis of Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection in Renal Transplant Recipients Using Plasma Microbial Cell Free DNA Next Generation Sequencing