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Background Although surgery plays a crucial diagnostic role in World Health Organization (WHO) grade II 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, the role of maximal tumor surgical resection remains unclear, with early retrospective series limited by lack of molecular classification or appropriate control groups. Methods The characteristics, management, and overall survival (OS) of patients ≥20 years old presenting with histology-proven WHO grade II 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas during 2010–2016 were evaluated using the National Cancer Database and validated using multi-institutional data. Patients were stratified by watchful waiting (biopsy only) versus surgical resection. OS was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and risk-adjusted proportional hazards. Results Five hundred ninety adults met inclusion criteria, of whom 79.0% (n = 466) underwent surgical resection. Of patient and tumor characteristics, younger patients were more likely to be resected. Achieving gross total resection (GTR; n = 320) was significantly associated with smaller tumors, management at integrated network cancer programs (vs community cancer programs), and Medicare insurance (as compared with no, private, or Medicaid/other government insurance) and independent of other patient or tumor characteristics. In risk-adjusted analyses, GTR, but not subtotal resection (STR), demonstrated improved OS (vs biopsy only: hazard ratio 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.85, P = 0.02). Conclusions WHO grade II 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas amenable to resection demonstrated improved OS with GTR, but not STR, compared with biopsy-only watchful waiting. The OS benefits of GTR were independent of age, tumor size, or tumor location. Medicare-insured and integrated network cancer program patients were significantly more likely to have GTR than other patients, suggesting that insurance status and care setting may play important roles in access to timely diagnosis or innovations that improve maximal resection.

Predictors and early survival outcomes of maximal resection in WHO grade II 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas