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Medulloblastoma relapse occurs in 30–40% of patients and is typically fatal. The emergence of therapy resistant sub-clones likely plays a major role in a large proportion of recurrent medulloblastoma. Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional transcription/translation factor and known onco-protein. Overexpression has been described in numerous cancers, where elevated expression and nuclear accumulation correlates with disease progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Genomic analysis of a large medulloblastoma cohort revealed YB-1 up-regulation across all subgroups of medulloblastoma, where elevated expression correlated with poor survival. Immunohistochemical staining of patient tissue microarrays displayed significant YB-1 expression, with a high proportion (83%) of patients exhibiting nuclear accumulation. High YB-1 expression was also observed at both protein and RNA level across medulloblastoma cell lines, with expression highest in Group 3 and 4. Hence, we hypothesised that YB-1 plays a role in medulloblastoma chemoresistance and progression. Treatment of Group 3 (HDMB-03 and D283MED) and SHH (DAOY) cell lines with vincristine and cisplatin and analysis of cellular localisation by nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation and immunofluorescence demonstrated that YB-1 undergoes nuclear translocation in response to these standard medulloblastoma chemotherapy agents. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of untreated Group 3 cell lines (D283MED and HDMB-03) demonstrated considerable YB-1 interaction with an inverted CCAAT box in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) promoter. RT-PCR analysis of ABCB1 following vincristine and cisplatin treatment revealed differences in transcript expression, indicative of different YB-1 promoter interactions dependent on chemotherapeutic treatment. Our results highlight YB-1 as a novel candidate chemoresistance driver in medulloblastoma.

MBRS-42. YB-1 - A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN HIGH-RISK MEDULLOBLASTOMA?