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Metastasis to the brain is a frequent complication in lung cancer and is still associated with a dismal prognosis. Current treatment strategies not only target tumor cells but also focus on cells of the tumor microenvironment like tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs). The interactions between tumor cells and TAMs during different steps of cerebral metastasis formation of lung cancer brain metastasis are poorly characterized. Moreover, the role of CX3CR1 in this process remains unclear. We established a syngeneic cerebral metastasis mouse model by combining a chronic cranial window and two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM), which allows the tracking of single fluorescent metastasizing tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment on a cellular resolution in vivoover time for a period of weeks. Transgenic CX3CR1 proficient and deficient mice (CX3CRGFP/wt and CX3CR1GFP/GFP) were injected with red fluorescent Lewis lung carcinoma cells. During different steps of metastasis formation (extravasation, formation of micro- and macrometastasis) the density and cell body volume of TAMs, their interaction with tumor cells and possible influence on the fate of single metastatic tumor cells were investigated using serial TPLSM. We found that during metastasis formation TAM density was significantly lower in CX3CR1 deficient mice. However, activation as assessed by TAM morphology did not differ in the absence of CX3CR1. Strikingly, CX3CR1 deficiency was associated with a significant increase of tumor cells successfully extravasating the cerebral vasculature. However, subsequent steps (mirco- and macrometastasis formation) were observed less frequent in CX3CR1 deficient mice. In summary, our results highlight a complex role of CX3CR1 for TAMs during cerebral metastasis formation, indicating anti-tumorous properties of CX3CR1 at early steps and possible pro-tumorous effects at later stages (micro- and macrometastasis formation).

neuro-oncology

TAMI-02. ALTERATIONS IN C-X3-C MOTIF CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (CX3CR1) EXPRESSION INFLUENCE MICROGLIAL AND MACROPHAGE RESPONSE IN DIFFERENT STEPS OF CEREBRAL METASTASIS FORMATION