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Background Few investigations have evaluated the influences on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) risk of statin treatment in hemodialysis (HD) subjects with hyperlipidemia (HL). Methods From the National Health Insurance Research Dataset, we identified 3658 HD patients with statin therapy for HL as the statin cohort, and then selected, by 1:1 propensity score matching, 3658 HD patients with HL but without statin use as the nonstatin cohort in 2000–07. The cohorts were followed through until the end of 2011. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of PAD development. Results The average follow-up period was 4.18 years; the incident PAD risk was 1.35-fold greater in statin users than in nonusers (16.87 versus 12.46/1000 person-years), with an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.34 for PAD [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.62]. The PAD risk increases were significant for patients receiving fluvastatin (aHR 1.88; 95% CI 1.12–3.14) and atorvastatin (aHR 1.60; 95% CI 1.24–2.08). The risk increased with higher annual average statin dosage (P for trend &amp;lt;0.0001); the risk was higher for those receiving moderate-intensity statin treatment. The sensitivity test revealed similar findings. Conclusions HD patients with HL on statin medication were at increased PAD risk, which increased with cumulative statin dosage. Thorough considerations are needed before prescribing statins to HD patients.

Increased risk of developing peripheral artery disease in hemodialysis patients receiving statin treatments: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan