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Only 3–5% of all patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India get some form of RRT from the existing pool of 900 nephrologists [2, 3]. As referral pattern varies widely in India for uremia therapy, there is no robust national database on the prevalence and incidence of dialysis therapy except for isolated reports. The cost of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) for a single session varies from US $10 to 65 and most patients are maintained on twice-aweek dialysis. One-third of the 30 000 MHD patients are in the major metropolitan cities of Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata, whereas the majority of the Indian population lives in small towns and villages far away from cities. The hidden cost of travel to the hemodialysis (HD) center and loss of daily wages for the patient and the accompanying person is not usually calculated when the cost of HD is taken into consideration. The unmet needs of RRT must be covered by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) that is available even in remote places in the country. There are ~7000 prevalent patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis in India. The cost is substantially less with PD, and the four industries which are involved in CAPD in India have network systems to deliver dialysis supplies to the residence without any additional cost. The use of erythropoietin (EPO) and iron is comparatively lower in CAPD patients compared to HD patients in India to the advantage of CAPD as a favorable RRT.

An Indian model for cost-effective CAPD with minimal man power and economic resources