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Cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) is an important second messenger during stimulation in a wide variety of cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Its mobilization in PMNs is altered in various diseases such as atherosclerosis and ageing. In chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients, both atherosclerosis and accelerated ageing are well known. Therefore [Ca(2+)](i) in resting PMNs of HD patients was determined along with certain parameters which might affect it, such as recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) treatment, calcium-phosphate balance, and biocompatibility of dialysis membranes.

Which parameters affect cytosolic free calcium in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of haemodialysis patients?