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Recognition of tRNA by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase during translation is crucial to ensure the correct expression of the genetic code. To understand tRNA(Leu) recognition sets and their evolution, the recognition of tRNA(Leu) by the leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) from the primitive hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus was studied by RNA probing and mutagenesis. The results show that the base A73; the core structure of tRNA formed by the tertiary interactions U8-A14, G18-U55 and G19-C56; and the orientation of the variable arm are critical elements for tRNA(Leu) aminoacylation. Although dispensable for aminoacylation, the anticodon arm carries discrete editing determinants that are required for stabilizing the conformation of the post-transfer editing state and for promoting translocation of the tRNA acceptor arm from the synthetic to the editing site.

Recognition of tRNA Leu by Aquifex aeolicus leucyl-tRNA synthetase during the aminoacylation and editing steps