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The existence of significant anisotropies in the distributions of thedirections of perihelia and orbital poles of the known extreme trans-Neptunianobjects (ETNOs) has been used to claim that trans-Plutonian planets may exist.Among the known ETNOs, the pair (474640) 2004 VN112-2013 RF98 stands out. Theirorbital poles and the directions of their perihelia and their velocities atperihelion/aphelion are separated by a few degrees, but orbital similarity doesnot necessarily imply common physical origin. In an attempt to unravel theirphysical nature, visible spectroscopy of both targets was obtained using theOSIRIS camera-spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). Fromthe spectral analysis, we find that 474640-2013 RF98 have similar spectralslopes (12 vs. 15 %/0.1um), very different from Sedna's but compatible withthose of (148209) 2000 CR105 and 2012 VP113. These five ETNOs belong to thegroup of seven linked to the Planet Nine hypothesis. A dynamical pathwayconsistent with these findings is dissociation of a binary asteroid during aclose encounter with a planet and we confirm its plausibility using N-bodysimulations. We thus conclude that both the dynamical and spectroscopicproperties of 474640-2013 RF98 favour a genetic link and their current orbitssuggest that the pair was kicked by a perturber near aphelion.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society letters

Visible spectra of (474640) 2004 VN112-2013 RF98 with OSIRIS at the 10.4  m GTC: evidence for binary dissociation near aphelion among the extreme  trans-Neptunian objects