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We present the first detection of X-ray coherent pulsations from thetransitional millisecond pulsar XSS J12270-4859, while it was in a sub-luminousaccretion disk state characterized by a 0.5-10 keV luminosity of 5E33 erg/s(assuming a distance of 1.4 kpc). Pulsations were observed by XMM-Newton at anrms amplitude of (7.7 +/- 0.5)% with a second harmonic stronger than the thefundamental frequency, and were detected when the source is neither flaring nordipping. The most likely interpretation of this detection is that matter fromthe accretion disk was channelled by the neutron star magnetosphere andaccreted onto its polar caps. According to standard disk accretion theory, forpulsations to be observed the mass in-flow rate in the disk was likely largerthan the amount of plasma actually reaching the neutron star surface; anoutflow launched by the fast rotating magnetosphere then probably took place,in agreement with the observed broad-band spectral energy distribution. We alsoreport about the non-detection of X-ray pulsations during a recent observationperformed while the source behaved as a rotationally-powered radio pulsar.

X-ray coherent pulsations during a sub-luminous accretion disk state of the transitional millisecond pulsar XSS J12270-4859