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Superbubbles are crucial for stellar feedback, with supposedly high (of theorder of 10 per cent) thermalization rates. We combined multiband radiocontinuum observations from the Very Large Array (VLA) with Effelsberg data tostudy the non-thermal superbubble (NSB) in IC 10, a starburst dwarf irregulargalaxy in the Local Group. Thermal emission was subtracted using a combinationof Balmer H$\alpha$ and VLA 32 GHz continuum maps. The bubble's non-thermalspectrum between 1.5 and 8.8 GHz displays curvature and can be well fitted witha standard model of an ageing cosmic ray electron population. With a derivedequipartition magnetic field strength of $44\pm 8 \rm\mu G$, and measuring theradiation energy density from Spitzer MIPS maps as $5\pm 1\times 10^{-11} \rmerg\, cm^{-3}$, we determine, based on the spectral curvature, a spectral ageof the bubble of $1.0\pm 0.3 \rm Myr$. Analysis of the LITTLE THINGS HI datacube shows an expanding HI hole with 100 pc diameter and a dynamical age of$3.8\pm 0.3 \rm Myr$, centred to within 16 pc on IC 10 X-1, a massive stellarmass black hole ($M > 23 M_\odot$). The results are consistent with theexpected evolution for a superbubble with a few massive stars, where a veryenergetic event like a Type Ic supernova/hypernova has taken place about 1 Myrago. We discuss alternatives to this interpretation.

The non-thermal superbubble in IC 10: the generation of cosmic ray electrons caught in the act