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In the SSA22 field which exhibits a large-scale proto-cluster at $z=3.1$, wecarried out a spectroscopic survey for Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) with theVLT/VIMOS and identified 78 confident LBGs at $z=2.5$--4. We stacked theirspectra in the observer's frame by using a sophisticated method. Analyzing thecomposite spectrum, we have revealed that the large-scale proto-cluster at$z=3.1$ has a strong HI absorption dip of rest-frame equivalent width of $-1.7$A. Another strong absorption dip found at $z=3.28$ is associated with amodestly high-density LBG peak, similar to that at $z=3.1$. We have alsodetected an HI transparency peak at $z=2.98$ in the composite spectrum,coincident with a void in the LBG distribution. In this paper, we alsoinvestigated the relation between LBGs, HI gas and AGNs at $z=3$--4 in theSSA22 field. Two AGNs at $z=3.353$ and 3.801 are, respectively, associated withthe LBG concentration of an overdensity factor $\delta_{\rm LBG}\simeq2$ in thepresent statistics. Another structure at $z=3.453$ is remarkable: 20 comovingMpc scale dense HI gas which is not associated with any apparent LBGoverdensity but involving a pair of AGNs. Such structure may be a new type ofthe AGN-matter correlation. If the inhomogeneous structures over a comoving Gpcscale found in this paper are confirmed with sufficient statistics in thefuture, the SSA22 field will become a key region to test the standard cold darkmatter structure formation scenario.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

Enhancement of HI absorption associated with the $z=3.1$ large-scale  proto-cluster and characteristic structures with AGNs sculptured over Gpc  scale in the SSA22 field