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Cluster lensing has become an important tool in the search for high redshiftgalaxies through its ability to magnify sources. In order to determine theintrinsic properties of these galaxies, lensing mass models must be constructedto determine the magnification of the images. These models are traditionallytwo-dimensional, focusing on the mass within the cluster and either ignoring orapproximating any contribution from line-of-sight galaxies. In this paper, wepresent the first full set of three-dimensional mass models of the six HubbleFrontier Fields and use them to test for systematic biases in magnificationsdue to using the traditional 2D approach. We find that omitting foreground orbackground galaxies causes image position offsets between 0.1-0.4", anon-negligible fraction of the typical 0.3-0.7" residuals of currentstate-of-the-art models. We also find that median image magnifications canshift by up to 6%, though it is dependent on the field. This can be alleviatedin some cases by approximating the mass in the lensing plane, but a 5%magnification bias still exists in other cases; image position offsets are alsoimproved, but are still present at 0.10".

Exploring Effects on Magnifications due to Line-of-Sight Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields