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High-redshift galaxy clusters, unlike local counterparts, show diverse starformation activities. However, it is still unclear what keeps some of thehigh-redshift clusters active in star formation. To address this issue, weperformed a multi-object spectroscopic (MOS) observation of 226 high-redshift(0.8 < z < 1.3) galaxies in galaxy cluster candidates and the areas surroundingthem. Our spectroscopic observation reveals six to eight clusters/groups at z ~0.9 and z ~ 1.3. The redshift measurements demonstrate the reliability of ourphotometric redshift measurements, which in turn gives credibility for usingphotometric redshift members for the analysis of large-scale structures (LSSs).Our investigation of the large-scale environment (~10 Mpc) surrounding eachgalaxy cluster reveals LSSs --- structures up to ~10 Mpc scale --- around manyof, but not all, the confirmed overdensities and the cluster candidates. Weinvestigate the correlation between quiescent galaxy fraction of galaxyoverdensities and their surrounding LSSs, with a larger sample of ~ 20overdensities including photometrically selected overdensities at 0.6 < z <0.9. Interestingly, galaxy overdensities embedded within these extended LSSsshow a lower fraction of quiescent galaxies (~ 20 %) than isolated ones atsimilar redshifts (with a quiescent galaxy fraction of ~ 50 %). Furthermore, wefind a possible indication that clusters/groups with a high quiescent galaxyfraction are more centrally concentrated. Based on these results, we suggestthat LSSs are the main reservoirs of gas and star-forming galaxies to keepgalaxy clusters fresh and extended in size at z ~ 1.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

More connected, more active: galaxy clusters and groups at z~1 and the  connection between their quiescent galaxy fractions and large-scale  environments