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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be used to study the Solar-system ephemeris(SSE), the errors of which can lead to correlated timing residuals andsignificantly contribute to the PTA noise budget. Most Solar-system studieswith PTAs assume the dominance of the term from the shift of the Solar-systembarycentre (SSB). However, it is unclear to which extent this approximation canbe valid, since the perturbations on the planetary orbits may become importantas data precision keeps increasing. To better understand the effects of SSEuncertainties on pulsar timing, we develop the LINIMOSS dynamical model of theSolar system, based on the SSE of Guangyu Li. Using the same input parametersas DE435, the calculated planetary positions by LINIMOSS are compatible withDE435 at centimetre level over a 20-year timespan, which is sufficientlyprecise for pulsar-timing applications. We utilize LINIMOSS to investigate theeffects of SSE errors on pulsar timing in a fully dynamical way, by perturbingone SSE parameter per trial and examining the induced timing residuals. For theouter planets, the timing residuals are dominated by the SSB shift, as assumedin previous work. For the inner planets, the variations in the orbit of theEarth are more prominent, making previously adopted assumptions insufficient.The power spectra of the timing residuals have complex structures, which mayintroduce false signals in the search of gravitational waves. We also study howto infer the SSE parameters using PTAs, and calculate the accuracy of parameterestimation.

Studying the Solar system dynamics using pulsar timing arrays and the LINIMOSS dynamical model