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As of August 2019, among the more than 4000 confirmed exoplanets, only onehas been detected in a globular cluster (GC) M4. The scarce of exoplanetdetections motivates us to employ direct $N$-body simulations to investigatethe dynamical stability of planets in young massive clusters (YMCs), which arepotentially the progenitors of GCs. In an $N=128{\rm k}$ cluster of virialradius 1.7 pc (comparable to Westerlund-1), our simulations show that mostwide-orbit planets ($a\geq 20$~au) will be ejected within a timescale of 10Myr. Interestingly, more than $70\%$ of planets with $a<5$~au survive in the100 Myr simulations. Ignoring planet-planet scattering and tidal damping, thesurvivability at $t$ Myr as a function of initial semi-major axis $a_0$ in auin such a YMC can be described as $f_{\rm surv}(a_0, t)=-0.33 \log_{10}(a_0)\left(1 - e^{-0.0482t} \right) + 1$. Upon ejection, about $28.8\%$ offree-floating planets (FFPs) have sufficient speeds to escape from the hostcluster at a crossing timescale. The other FFPs will remain bound to thecluster potential, but the subsequent dynamical evolution of the stellar systemcan result in the delayed ejection of FFPs from the host cluster. Although afull investigation of planet population in GCs requires extending thesimulations to multi-Gyr, our results suggest that wide-orbit planets andfree-floating planets are unlikely to be found in GCs.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

Planets In Young Massive Clusters: On the survivability of planets in  young massive clusters and its implication of planet orbital architectures in  globular clusters