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We show that individual (single-epoch) spectra of AGN can constrain some ofthe geometry and dynamics of the AGN broad line region. Studies of the cosmicinfluence of supermassive black holes are limited by the current largeuncertainties in the determination of black hole masses. One dominantlimitation is the unknown geometry, dynamics and line-of-sight inclination ofthe broad line region, used to probe the central black hole mass. Recentprogress has been made to constrain the spatial and kinematic structure of thebroad line region using dynamical modelling of AGN monitoring data and anunderlying physical model for the broad line region. In this work we test theability of a modified version of this dynamical modelling code to constrain thebroad line region structure using single-epoch spectra. We test our modellingcode on single-epoch spectra of nearby Arp 151 by comparing our results withthose obtained with monitoring data of this same object. We find that asignificant fraction of the broad line region parameters can indeed beadequately constrained, with uncertainties that are comparable to, or at most afactor of ~ a few higher than those obtained from modelling of monitoring data.Considering the wealth of available single-epoch spectroscopic observations,this method is promising for establishing the overall AGN population trends inthe geometry and dynamics of the broad line region. This method can be appliedto spectra of AGN at low and high redshift making it valuable for studies ofcosmological black hole and AGN evolution.

Modelling the AGN broad line region using single-epoch spectra I. The test case of Arp 151