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We present the catalogue and properties of sources in AS2UDS, an 870-$\mu$mcontinuum survey with the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA)of 716 single-dish sub-millimetre sources detected in the UKIDSS/UDS field bythe SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey. In our sensitive ALMA follow-upobservations we detect 708 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) at $>$\,4.3$\sigma$significance across the $\sim$\,1-degree diameter field. We combine our preciseALMA positions with the extensive multi-wavelength coverage in the UDS field tofit the spectral energy distributions of our SMGs to derive a median redshiftof $z_{\rm phot}=$\,2.61$\pm$0.09. This large sample reveals a statisticallysignificant trend of increasing sub-millimetre flux with redshift suggestive ofgalaxy downsizing. 101 ALMA maps do not show a $>$\,4.3$\sigma$ SMG, but wedemonstrate from stacking {\it Herschel} SPIRE observations at these positions,that the vast majority of these blank maps correspond to real single-dishsub-millimetre sources. We further show that these blank maps contain an excessof galaxies at $z_{\rm phot}=$\,1.5--4 compared to random fields, similar tothe redshift range of the ALMA-detected SMGs. In addition, we combine X-ray andmid-infrared active galaxy nuclei activity (AGN) indicators to yield a likelyrange for the AGN fraction of 8--28\,\% in our sample. Finally, we compare theredshifts of this population of high-redshift, strongly star-forming galaxieswith the inferred formation redshifts of massive, passive galaxies being foundout to $z\sim$\,2, finding reasonable agreement -- in support of anevolutionary connection between these two classes of massive galaxy.

An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Source catalogue and properties