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Quasar outflows are fundamental components of quasar environments that mightplay an important role in feedback to galaxy evolution. We report on theemergence of a remarkable new outflow absorption-line system in the quasarPG1411+442 (redshift ~0.089) detected in the UV and visible with the HubbleSpace Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Gemini Multi-ObjectSpectrograph, respectively. This new "transient'' system contains thousands oflines, including FeII and FeII* from excited states up to 3.89 eV, HI* Balmerlines, NaI D 5890,5896, and the first detection of HeI* 5876 in a quasar. Thetransient absorber is spatially inhomogeneous and compact, with sizes ~<0.003pc, based on covering fractions on the quasar continuum source ranging from~0.45 in strong UV lines to ~0.04 in NaI D. Cloudy photoionization simulationsshow that large total column densities log N_H(cm^-2) >~ 23.4 and an intenseradiation field ~<0.4~pc from the quasar are needed to produce the observedlines in thick zones of both fully-ionised and partially-ionised gas. Thedensities are conservatively log n_H(cm-3) >~ 7 based on FeII*, HI*, and HeI*but they might reach log n_H(cm^-3) >~ 10 based on NaI D. The transient linesappear at roughly the same velocity shift, v ~ -1900 km/s, as a "mini-BAL''outflow detected previously, but with narrower Doppler widths, b ~ 100 km/s,and larger column densities in more compact outflow structures. We propose thatthe transient lines identify a clumpy outflow from the broad emission-lineregion that, at its current speed and location, is still gravitationally boundto the central black hole.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

On the Emergence of Thousands of Absorption Lines in the Quasar  PG1411+442: A Clumpy High-Column Density Outflow from the Broad Emission-Line  Region?