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Besides buckminsterfullerene (C60), other fullerenes and their derivativesmay also reside in space. In this work, we study the formation andphoto-dissociation processes of astronomically relevant fullerene/anthracene(C14H10) cluster cations in the gas phase. Experiments are carried out using aquadrupole ion trap (QIT) in combination with time-of-flight (TOF) massspectrometry. The results show that fullerene (C60, and C70)/anthracene (i.e.,[(C14H10)nC60]+ and [(C14H10)nC70]+), fullerene (C56 and C58)/anthracene (i.e.,[(C14H10)nC56]+ and [(C14H10)nC58]+) and fullerene (C66 and C68)/anthracene(i.e., [(C14H10)nC66]+ and [(C14H10)nC68]+) cluster cations, are formed in thegas phase through an ion-molecule reaction pathway. With irradiation, all thefullerene/anthracene cluster cations dissociate into mono$-$anthracene andfullerene species without dehydrogenation. The structure of newly formedfullerene/anthracene cluster cations and the bonding energy for these reactionpathways are investigated with quantum chemistry calculations.  Our results provide a growth route towards large fullerene derivatives in abottom-up process and insight in their photo-evolution behavior in the ISM, andclearly, when conditions are favorable, fullerene/PAH clusters can formefficiently. In addition, these clusters (from 80 to 154 atoms or ~ 2 nm insize) offer a good model for understanding the physical-chemical processesinvolved in the formation and evolution of carbon dust grains in space, andprovide candidates of interest for the DIBs that could motivate spectroscopicstudies.

Laboratory formation and photo-chemistry of fullerene/anthracene cluster cations