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We report the discovery of the transient ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX)CXOU J122602.3+125951 (hereafter M86 tULX-1), located 3'52" (19 kpc) northwestof the centre of the giant elliptical galaxy M86 (NGC 4406) in the VirgoCluster. The spectrum of M86 tULX-1 can be fit by a power-law plusmulticolour-disc model with a 1.0 [+0.8 -2.6] index and an 0.66 [+0.17 -0.11]keV inner-disc temperature, or by a power law with a 1.86 +/- 0.10 index. Foran isotropically emitting source at the distance of M86, the luminosity basedon the superposition of spectral models is (5 +/- 1) x 10^39 erg/s. Itsrelatively hard spectrum places M86 tULX-1 in a hitherto unpopulated region inthe luminosity-disc temperature diagram, between other ULXs and the(sub-Eddington) black-hole X-ray binaries. We discovered M86 tULX-1 in anarchival 148-ks 2013 July Chandra observation, and it was not detected in a20-ks 2016 May Chandra observation, meaning it faded by a factor of at least 30in three years. Based on our analysis of deep optical imaging of M86, it isprobably not located in a globular cluster. It is the brightest ULX found in anold field environment unaffected by recent galaxy interaction. We conclude thatM86 tULX-1 may be a stellar-mass black hole of ~30 - 100 M_Sun with a low-massgiant companion, or a transitional object in a state between the normalstellar-mass black holes and the ultraluminous state.

Discovery of a transient ultraluminous X-ray source in the elliptical galaxy M86