English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We study the ejection of mass during stellar core-collapse when the stalledshock does not revive and a black hole forms. Neutrino emission during theprotoneutron star phase causes a decrease in the gravitational mass of thecore, resulting in an outward going sound pulse that steepens into a shock asit travels out through the star. We explore the properties of this massejection mechanism over a range of stellar progenitors usingspherically-symmetric, time-dependent hydrodynamic simulations that treatneutrino mass loss parametrically and follow the shock propagation over theentire star. We find that all types of stellar progenitor can eject massthrough this mechanism. The ejected mass is a decreasing function of thesurface gravity of the star, ranging from several $M_\odot$ for red supergiantsto $\sim 0.1M_\odot$ for blue supergiants and $\sim 10^{-3} M_\odot $ forWolf-Rayet stars. We find that the final shock energy at the surface is adecreasing function of the core-compactness, and is $\lesssim 10^{47}-10^{48}$erg in all cases. In progenitors with a sufficiently large envelope, highcore-compactness, or a combination of both, the sound pulse fails to unbindmass. Successful mass ejection is accompanied by significant fallback accretionthat can last from hours to years. We predict the properties of shock breakoutand thermal plateau emission produced by the ejection of the outer envelope ofblue supergiant and Wolf-Rayet progenitors in otherwise failed supernovae.

Mass Ejection in Failed Supernovae: Variation with Stellar Progenitor