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We develop a new method, which is based on the optimal redshift weightingscheme, to extract the maximal tomographic information of baryonic acousticoscillations (BAO) and redshift space distortions (RSD) from the extendedBaryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 14 quasar (DR14Q)survey. We validate our method using the EZ mocks, and apply our pipeline tothe eBOSS DR14Q sample in the redshift range of $0.8<z<2.2$. We report a jointmeasurement of $f\sigma_8$ and two-dimensional BAO parameters $D_{\rm A}$ and$H$ at four effective redshifts of $z_{\rm eff}=0.98, 1.23, 1.52$ and $1.94$,and provide the full data covariance matrix. Using our measurement combinedwith BOSS DR12, MGS and 6dFGS BAO measurements, we find that the existence ofdark energy is supported by observations at a $7.4\sigma$ significance level.Combining our measurement with BOSS DR12 and Planck observations, we constrainthe gravitational growth index to be $\gamma=0.580\pm0.082$, which is fullyconsistent with the prediction of general relativity. This paper is part of aset that analyses the eBOSS DR14 quasar sample.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic  Survey DR14 quasar sample: a tomographic measurement of cosmic structure  growth and expansion rate based on optimal redshift weights