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The cosmic distance duality (CDD) relation (based on the Etheringtonreciprocity theorem) plays a crucial role in a wide assortment of cosmologicalmeasurements. Attempts at confirming it observationally have met with mixedresults, though the general consensus appears to be that the data do supportits existence in nature. A common limitation with past approaches has beentheir reliance on a specific cosmological model, or on measurements of theluminosity distance to Type Ia SNe, which introduces a dependence on thepresumed cosmology in spite of beliefs to the contrary. Confirming that the CDDis actually realized in nature is crucial because its violation would requireexotic new physics. In this paper, we study the CDD using the observed angularsize of compact quasar cores and a Gaussian Process reconstruction of the HIIgalaxy Hubble diagram---without pre-assuming any particular backgroundcosmology. In so doing, we confirm at a very high level of confidence that theangular-diameter and luminosity distances do indeed satisfy the CDD. We thendemonstrate the potential power of this result by utilizing it in a comparativetest of two competing cosmological models---the R_h=ct universe and LCDM---andshow that R_h=ct is favoured by the CDD data with a likelihood ~82.3% comparedwith ~17.7% for the standard model.

A comparison of the R_h=ct and LCDM cosmologies using the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation