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We develop a data-driven spectral model for identifying and characterizingspatially unresolved multiple-star systems and apply it to APOGEE DR13 spectraof main-sequence stars. Binaries and triples are identified as targets whosespectra can be significantly better fit by a superposition of two or threemodel spectra, drawn from the same isochrone, than any single-star model. Froman initial sample of $\sim$20,000 main-sequence targets, we identify$\sim$2,500 binaries in which both the primary and secondary star contributedetectably to the spectrum, simultaneously fitting for the velocities andstellar parameters of both components. We additionally identify and fit$\sim$200 triple systems, as well as $\sim$700 velocity-variable systems inwhich the secondary does not contribute detectably to the spectrum. Our modelsimplifies the process of simultaneously fitting single- or multi-epoch spectrawith composite models and does not depend on a velocity offset between the twocomponents of a binary, making it sensitive to traditionally undetectablesystems with periods of hundreds or thousands of years. In agreement withconventional expectations, almost all the spectrally-identified binaries withmeasured parallaxes fall above the main sequence in the color-magnitudediagram. We find excellent agreement between spectrally and dynamicallyinferred mass ratios for the $\sim$600 binaries in which a dynamical mass ratiocan be measured from multi-epoch radial velocities. We obtain full orbitalsolutions for 64 systems, including 14 close binaries within hierarchicaltriples. We make available catalogs of stellar parameters, abundances, massratios, and orbital parameters.

Discovery and Characterization of 3000+ Main-Sequence Binaries from APOGEE Spectra