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We present a comparison of the observed evolving galaxy stellar massfunctions with the predictions of eight semi-analytic models and one halooccupation distribution model. While most models are able to fit the data atlow redshift, some of them struggle to simultaneously fit observations at highredshift. We separate the galaxies into 'passive' and 'star-forming' classesand find that several of the models produce too many low-mass star-forminggalaxies at high redshift compared to observations, in some cases by nearly afactor of 10 in the redshift range $2.5 < z < 3.0$. We also find importantdifferences in the implied mass of the dark matter haloes the galaxies inhabit,by comparing with halo masses inferred from observations. Galaxies at highredshift in the models are in lower mass haloes than suggested by observations,and the star formation efficiency in low-mass haloes is higher than observed.We conclude that many of the models require a physical prescription that actsto dissociate the growth of low-mass galaxies from the growth of their darkmatter haloes at high redshift.

Cosmic CARNage II: the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function in observations and galaxy formation models