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We present a detailed analysis of galaxy colours in two galaxy clusters at\mbox{z $\sim$ 0.4}, \mbox{MACS J0416.1-2403} and \mbox{MACS J1206.2-0847},drawn from the CLASH-VLT survey, to investigate the role of pre-processing inthe quenching of star formation. We estimate the fractions of red and bluegalaxies within the main cluster and the detected substructures and study thetrends of the colour fractions as a function of the projected distance from thecluster and substructure centres. Our results show that the colours of clusterand substructure members have consistent spatial distributions. In particular,the colour fractions of galaxies inside substructures follow the same spatialtrends observed in the main clusters. Additionally, we find that at largecluster-centric distances \mbox{($r \geq r_{200}$)} the fraction of bluegalaxies in both the main clusters and in the substructures is always lowerthan the average fraction of UVJ-selected star-forming galaxies in the field asmeasured in the COSMOS/UltraVista data set. We finally estimate environmentalquenching efficiencies in the clusters and in the substructures and find thatat large distances from the cluster centres, the quenching efficiency ofsubstructures becomes comparable to the quenching efficiency of clusters. Ourresults suggest that pre-processing plays a significant role in the formationand evolution of passive galaxies in clusters at low redshifts.

Galaxy pre-processing in substructures around z$\sim$0.4 galaxy clusters