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Hubble Space Telescope SNAPshot surveys of 86 X-ray selected galaxy clustersat $0.3 < z < 0.5$ from the MACS sample have proven invaluable for theexploration of a wide range of astronomical research topics. We here present anoverview of the four MACS SNAPshot surveys conducted from Cycle 14 to Cycle 20as part of a long-term effort aimed at identifying exceptional cluster targetsfor in-depth follow up by the extragalactic community. We also releaseredshifts and X-ray luminosities of all clusters observed as part of thisinitiative. To illustrate the power of SNAPshot observations of MACS clusters,we explore several aspects of galaxy evolution illuminated by the imagesobtained for these programmes. We confirm the high lensing efficiency of X-rayselected clusters at $z>0.3$. Examining the evolution of the slope of thecluster red sequence, we observe at best a slight decrease with redshift,indicating minimal age contribution since $z\sim 1$. Congruent to previousstudies' findings, we note that the two BCGs which are significantly bluer($\geq 5\sigma$) than their clusters' red sequences reside in relaxed clustersand exhibit pronounced internal structure. Thanks to our targets' high X-rayluminosity, the subset of our sample observed with Chandra adds valuableleverage to the X-ray luminosity--optical richness relation, which, albeit withsubstantial scatter, is now clearly established from groups to extremelymassive clusters of galaxies. We conclude that SNAPshot observations of MACSclusters stand to continue to play a vital pathfinder role for astrophysicalinvestigations across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.

The science of short exposures: Hubble SNAPshot observations of massive galaxy clusters