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We study the interstellar medium (ISM) properties of three heavily reddenedquasars at $z\sim2.5$ as well as three millimetre-bright companion galaxiesnear these quasars. New JVLA and ALMA observations constrain the CO(1-0),CO(7-6) and [CI]$^3$P$_2-^3$P$_1$ line emission as well as the far infrared toradio continuum. The gas excitation and physical properties of the ISM areconstrained by comparing our observations to photo-dissociation region (PDR)models. The ISM in our high-redshift quasars is composed of very high-density,high-temperature gas which is already highly enriched in elements like carbon.One of our quasar hosts is shown to be a close-separation ($<$2 arcsec) majormerger with different line emission properties in the millimeter-bright galaxyand quasar components. Low angular resolution observations of high-redshiftquasars used to assess quasar excitation properties should therefore beinterpreted with caution as they could potentially be averaging over multiplecomponents with different ISM conditions. Our quasars and their companiongalaxies show a range of CO excitation properties spanning the full extent fromstarburst-like to quasar-like spectral line energy distributions. We comparegas masses based on CO, CI and dust emission, and find that these can disagreewhen standard assumptions are made regarding the values of $\alpha_{\rm{CO}}$,the gas-to-dust ratio and the atomic carbon abundances. We conclude that theISM properties of our quasars and their companion galaxies are diverse andlikely vary spatially across the full extent of these complex, merging systems.

The Interstellar Medium Properties of Heavily Reddened Quasars & Companions at z~2.5 with ALMA & JVLA